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51 TOWARDS OPTIMIZING SHAFDAN SOIL AQUIFER TREATMENT SYSTEM: INSIGHTS FROM REAL-TIME DATA Roy Elkayam, Ovadia Lev Addressing water scarcity in regions with growing populations is crucial. Aquifer recharge, AR with treated municipal wastewater is a cheap, low-maintenance, energy-efficient method to supply water for irrigation of crops consumed raw or even for drinking purposes. However, the most expensive cost component of AR through water infiltration basins, is land use. The area of infiltration basins is inversely proportional to the infiltration rate, which makes it the most important characteristic of basin design and operation of AR. The infiltration rate is believed to be on the water level in the basins, posing challenges for prediction due to its time-dependence. Focusing on the Shafdan AR in Israel as a showcase and utilizing a decade’s worth of data from 50 recharge basins, we study the time dependence of the infiltration rates on water level. The study reveals a noteworthy consistency in the decline of effluent levels during the drainage phase across various flooding events, signifying a constant, head-independent infiltration rate. 97% of over 45,000 flooding events showed this behavior. Furthermore, the infiltration rate calculated in this manner provides good prediction of the average infiltration rate during the entire wetting phase. The water-level-independent infiltration rate is a general feature. It was found in all the studied basins, regardless of the soil sand content, commissioning year, operation conditions, and season. The constant infiltration rate rule revealed in this study simplifies the prediction of the flooding cycle duration and will facilitate simplified predictive modeling of multiple basin AR systems. Our research may extend beyond AR with wastewater, offering insights applicable to other managed aquifer recharge methods. Specific to the Shafdan, the methodology developed in this study, along with the insights from the extensive data analysis and the inclusion of infiltration rate as a general feature, lays the foundation for designing synchronized operations across all Shafdan infiltration basins. Keywords: Soil Aquifer Treatment, SAT, Recharge Basins, Infiltration Rate, Managed Aquifer Recharge, MAR, Soil Infiltration. DATA-DRIVEN PREDICTIVE CONTROL FOR WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS OPTIMAL CONTROL Gal Perelman and Avi Ostfeld Water distribution systems (WDS) are complex dynamic systems, requiring continuous real-time decision-making of control elements like pumps and valves to optimize several objectives. These objectives include minimizing energy costs, reducing leakage volume by minimizing redundant pressures, and optimizing water quality parameters. Traditionally, addressing these challenges involved mathematical models of the physical system. However, the complexities and inherent uncertainties in WDS dynamics often hinder the implementation and scalability of these methods. Recent advancements in data measurement, storage, and analysis have revolutionized the availability of real-time data. Coupled with the latest developments in control theory, these advancements have paved the way to improved optimization strategies for large complex systems such as WDS. The prominent advantage of data- driven methods lies in their ability to effectively bypass the need for physical systemmodels, thus avoiding the associated computational burdens. This study explores the application of a novel Data- Enabled Predictive Control (DeePC) algorithm to optimize the real-time operation of WDS. The method employs real-time data to learn the behavior of an unknown system dynamically. It utilizes a finite set of input- output data samples (control elements settings, and measured parameters values) to derive optimal control policies. In this study, DeePC is applied to two critical control problems within WDS: pressure management and water quality optimization, demonstrating the method’s capability to address diverse challenges. The DeePC method’s real-time, model-independent approach, holds a significant promise for enhancing the service levels and efficiency of WDS control in an era increasingly dominated by data-driven solutions.