56
In the other two occasions CWSI values showed a larger
range, e.g. from about 0.3 in T1 (mild water stress) to
about 0.6 in T3 (severe stress) during the 7th of August,
while a similar situation occurred on 23 August, however
with a smaller difference in CWSI.
Estimation of soil moisture content
Estimates of SMC as mean values over the 0 - 80 cm
depth obtained with the help of CWSI from each central
point are shown in Figure Three.
As expected, SMC was higher in T1 and decreased in T2
and T3, from about 18-20% to around 15% of volume.
In general, SMC estimates were seen to be higher for the
South direction when compared to the North, while SMC
for East-West showed intermediate values.
In irrigation scheduling the moment of water application
is established according to various methods, one of them
being SMC values that are laborious to determine, or SMC
can be derived or estimated by help of other techniques.
Conclusions
The results recommend the spatial characteristics used in
this experiment: 1.5 m for height and 1.0-1.5 m for distance
from the peach trees for taking thermal images could well
EH KiJKO\ EHnHÀFiDO in iUUiJDWiRn VFKHdXOinJ.
The values of crop water stress index (CWSI) for the
WKUHH SUinFiSDO WHVW FRnÀJXUDWiRnV UDnJHd in WKH iUUiJDWiRn
UHJiPH WUHDWPHnWV IURP DURXnd 0.3 IRU WKH ÀUVW PHDVXUinJ
occasion and mild water stress to about 0.6 in non-
irrigation treatment showing severe stress.
Estimates of SMC as mean values over the 0-80 cm depth
obtained with the help of CWSI from each principal point
showed that SMC was higher in fully irrigated treatment
and decreased in the stressed treatments.
SMC estimates were observed to be higher for the South
direction versus North, and SMC for East- West showed
intermediate values.
The standard errors of the estimate - SEE between
measured and estimated SMC values ranges from 1.7 to
DERXW 2.2 RU EHinJ 6-7 YHUVXV WKH ÀHOd FDSDFiW\ Dnd
10-12% versus the available soil water capacity (ASWC).
The values reviewed in this test only show the approximate
size of soil-water status, because a variety of causes were
attributed to be responsible for these differences. ■
According to the chemical reaction
formula utilized, it was observed that
nitrogen compounds can be consumed
by algae during photosynthesis
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Turkey’s Water And
Wastewater Market’s Future
Is As Bright As Water With 82
Billion Usd New Investments
Organized by the world’s one of the leading
trade fair organiser ITE Group Plc’s Turkey
office EUF, IWE Istanbul Water Expo will be
held from 03-05 September 2015 at Istanbul
Expo Center with the support of Republic of
Turkey Ministry of Forestry and Water Affairs,
General Directorate of State Hydraulic Works,
Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, Istanbul
Water and Sewerage Administration, UCLG
MEWA, Turkish Water Foundation and National
Research Center on Membrane Technologies.
IWE Istanbul Water Expo will bring together
a comprehensive range of the latest
technologies and developments in sustainable
utilization of water resources, water saving,
wastewater treatment and water reuse on the
same platform.
According to Frost & Sullivan’s research, Turkey’s
water and wastewater market is on the threshold
RI ViJniÀFDnW JURZWK. 7R FRnIRUP 7XUNH\·V E8
environmental legislation in the framework of EU
conformity laws stated that about $82,2 billion
investment is needed in the years 2007-2023. 80%
of this investment is expected to be implemented
by the public, while the remainder is expected to be
implemented by the private sector.
Frost & Sullivan estimates for water market in
Turkey;
• Developing the improved water
resources management, sustainability
and smart infrastructure spread the
provision of energy-saving technologies
with the integrated solutions and
services.
• Wastewater treatment sector in the urban
and industry showing the highest growth
potential. Advanced wastewater technologies
will grow at a higher level, especially in areas
with sensitive water reserves.
• Increased industrialization and urban
services will increase the growth of advanced
WHFKnRORJiHV VXFK DV ÀOWUDWiRn Dnd diVinIHFWiRn
and sludge treatment technologies will gain
great importance.
Turkey has strong historical, cultural and economic
ties with the neighbouring countries of Eastern
Europe, the Balkans, the CIS, the Middle East,
Central Asia and Africa. IWE Istanbul Water
Expo will be a great opportunity to expand into
surrounding countries through Turkey as a hub.
Water and wastewater treatment, water storage,
distribution and sewers, reuse of water, all the
necessary technology, systems and equipments
for process control and automation will be
showcased at IWE.
IWE’s concurrently held Smart Water Conference
will bring together the decisionmakers of
governmental and private institutions to discuss
solid business and partnership opportunities.
Contact Tulin Bozkurt Bulut – Event Director